四川丘陵区旱作病虫草害发生特点和规律

文章综述了四川丘陵区主要粮经油料作物的病虫草害发生特点及规律，分析了病虫害的发生趋势，提出了四川丘陵区农作物病虫害防治的可行性策略。

关键词：四川丘陵区;病虫害种类;危害程度;危害趋势;粮食安全

中图分类号：S431.3

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2019）04-0046-08 国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2019.04.009

Characteristics and Regularity of Insect and Grass Damage in Hilly Area of Sichuan Province

XIANG Yun-jia，FU Hui-juan，LI Qi-yong，LI Xing-yue，NI Jian-ying，ZHOU Xiao-gang，LI Hong-hao，ZHANG Hong*

（Institute of Plant Protection，Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Southwest China，Ministry of Agriculture，Chengdu，Sichuan  610066，China）

Abstract：Sichuan hilly area is located in the transition zone between the Chengdu Plain and the basin-mountain mountainous area，various factors，such as natural ecological environment，human economic activities and farming habits， caused different types of diseases，pests and weeds damage in Sichuan agricultural regions. In order to provide control       emphasis and improve its scientificity and accuracy for crop diseases，pests and grass pests control，we combines field investigation data with a large amount of information such as the status quo，geographical location of agricultural economic and agricultural development in Sichuan province. A comprehensive analysis of the main types of pests and diseases，hazard degree and hazard trend of wheat，corn，rapeseed，vegetables，potatoes，soybeans and other crops have been made. The results showed that there was no significant difference in species on the same crops in different sub-regions all kinds of crop diseases，insect pests and weeds occurred in different hilly subregions of Sichuan province，however，the degree of damage and the occurrence time were significantly different. Collectiely，the occurrence characteristics and trend of diseases，pests and weeds on major crops in Sichuan hilly area were summarized in this study. It also puts forward the feasible control strategies in Sichuan hilly area.

Key words：Sichuan hilly area; kinds of diseases and insect pests; damage degree; damage trend; food security

農作物病虫害的发生是制约农产品产量的关键因素，也在相当程度上影响了农产品的品质[1]。四川丘陵区病虫草害发生面积广、种类复杂，且危害严重，伴随着气候异常的变化、农业生态环境和生态结构的复杂化，农作物病虫害防治知识浅薄，防治工作面临更艰巨的挑战。2018年全国重发风险高或危害范围广的病虫害有14种（水稻“两迁”害虫、小麦赤霉病、棉铃虫、水稻二化螟、纹枯病、小麦蚜虫、玉米螟、黏虫、稻瘟病、小麦条锈病、玉米大斑病、马铃薯晚疫病、飞蝗）[2]。文章对四川丘陵区四个亚区的主要粮食、经济、油料和果树等作物的主要病、虫害的发生情况进行了研究，浅析了丘陵区旱作农业的病虫草害的发生现状。通过对多种作物的病虫草害发生情况的时空研究，农业发展过程中病虫草害的发生规律的了解，以期为四川丘陵区作物病虫草害防治提供理论基础。