烤烟不同种植施肥模式对土壤养分、酶活性及细菌多样性的影响

文章编号：2095-1191（2019）05-0982-08

Abstract：【Objective】The effects of different planting and fertilization modes on soil nutrient，enzyme activity and bacterial diversity of tobacco were researched to provide scientific basis for the long-term sustainable utilization of toba-cco soils in northern Guizhou. 【Method】The treatments included tobacco-tobacco-ryegrass continuous cropping with che-mical fertilization（R-CF），tobacco-tobacco-ryegrass continuous cropping with chemical fertilizer application plus manure （R-CFM），tobacco-maize-ryegrass rotation with chemical fertilization（C-CF），tobacco-maize-ryegrass rotation with chemical fertilization plus manure（C-CFM）. Soil samples were taken and analyzed for nutrients，enzyme activities，and bacteria diversity by routine analysis and high throughput sequencing. 【Result】After 13 years of planting and fertilization，R-CF， C-CFM and R-CF cropping treatments made the soil pH and the content of organic matter decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Soil pH and organic matter of R-CFM did not change significantly（P>0.05，the same below）. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased，but the contents of available nitrogen decreased. The activities of catalase，invertase，urease and phosphatase，microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in soil were relatively higher in R-CFM than others. Rotation and application of manure improved soil ecological environment，increased microbial population and activity. Diversity index（Chao1）， evenness index（Heip） and diversity index（Shannon） all presented C-CF<C-CFM<R-CF<R-CFM，and dominance index（Simpson） was C-CF>C-CFM=R-CF>R-CFM. The abundances of soil bacteria and dominant bacteria varied with different fertilization modes，but the dominant populations of each treatment were basically the same，and the absolute dominant bacteria were uncultured Anaerolineaceae，Acidobacteria Subgroup-6，Roseiflexus and Sphingomonas. 【Conclusion】Crop rotation and chemical fertilization plus manure mode can result in stable pH， high organic matter， microbial biomass， soil enzyme activity and bacteria diversity index. As a planting fertilization pattern combining utilization and restoration， it is beneficial for the high yield and quality of crops and maintaining soil quality. Thus this method is worth promoting in tobacco plating areas in northern Guizhou.