我国高校学生体育意外伤亡事件研究

摘 要：通过建立我国高校学生体育意外伤亡案例数据库（1981—2013年），运用规范分析和数据挖掘，从发生人数、专业及年龄和就读年级、运动特征、病理学诊断、现场急救方式等方面，对151个案例中的男女性别差异特征展开多维度比较研究。结果表明：我国高校学生体育意外伤亡事件已经呈现出一种偶发事件中的非小概率特征。这些案例中的男女大学生既在年龄和年级分布、课内外发生率、运动中的季节节律、运动负荷、病因学分析、死亡时间和现场急救方式等方面表现出一定的同质性特征，也在发生人数、专业特征、年龄和年级跨度、运动类别和运动项目、运动日节律、心脏病确诊人数等方面存在一定的性别差异。产生这种差异的原因应该与心脏病死亡发生率男女性别差异的病理学因素；男女大学生个体性格、运动动机、运动习惯、争强好胜竞争意识、运动强度和运动时间的差别等生理和心理因素；男生参与剧烈运动的积极性显著超过女生；我国大学生整体身体素质又多年持续下降、部分高校运动场地仍显不足等教学因素；以及互联网技术高速发展对大学生校园学习生活的消极影响等社会因素关联，是由多种因素交互作用而形成。

关 键 词：学校体育；体育意外伤亡事件；性别差异；运动猝死；高校学生；中国

中图分类号：G80-05；G807 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2015）03-0106-06

Abstract： By establishing a database of cases of incidental death of university students in China （1981-2013）， applying normative analysis and data mining， from aspects such as number of death students， major and age and class， exercise characteristic， pathological diagnosis， way of on-site emergency treatment etc， the authors made a multidimensional comparative study of the characteristics of gender differences between the male and female students in the 151 cases， and revealed the following findings： incidents of incidental death of university students in China had shown a characteristic of non small probability in accidental incidents； the male and female university students in these cases not only showed certain characteristics of homogeneity in aspects such as age and class distribution， rate of curricular and extracurricular occurrence， seasonal rhythm during exercising， exercise load， etiological analysis， death time and way of on-site emergency treatment etc， but also had certain gender differences in aspects such as number of death students， major characteristic， age and class span， sports type and sports event， rhythm on exercise day， number of students diagnosed with heart disease etc； the causes for producing such differences should be associated with pathological factors for male and female differences in the rate of occurrence of death from heart disease， physiological and psychological factors for differences between male and female university students in individual character， exercise motive， exercise habit， awareness of competition to win， exercise intensity and exercise time， teaching factors such the enthusiasm of male students for participating in strenuous exercise significantly exceeding that of female students， the overall physical quality of university students in China having been deteriorating over the years， some universities still having insufficient sports playgrounds， as well as social factors such as the negative influence of high speed development of internet technology on the campus learning life of university students， and formed by the interaction of multiple factors.