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局部晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗+同期放化疗的循证治疗系统评价

发布时间: 2022-03-14 08:06:18 浏览:

[摘要]目的 基于循证医学,评价1例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者采用诱导化疗+同期放化疗的临床价值。方法 计算机检索文献服务检索系统(PubMed)、循证医学数据库(The Cochrane Library)、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库和维普(VIP)数据库,纳入所有关于局部晚期鼻咽癌采用诱导化疗+同期放化疗对比同期放化疗的随机对照试验,放疗技术及化疗方案不限。检索时限均为从建库始至2018年3月31日。结果 5项随机对照试验被检索,与单纯同期放化疗相比,诱导化疗并不能显著提高患者的无进展生存率和总生存率。诱导化疗显著增加3/4级血液学毒性发生率,但其他不良反应如放射性黏膜炎、放射性皮炎等的發生率相似。结论 诱导化疗+同期放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌是可行的,但其疗效与远期生存结果,仍需要大样本随机对照试验做进一步研究。

[关键词]鼻咽癌;同期放化疗;诱导化疗/新辅助化疗;循证医学

[中图分类号] R739.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)11(b)-0059-04

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical value of induction chemotherapy (IC) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in one patient with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC) based on evidence-based medicine. Methods Databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Database and VIP Database were searched up to March 31, 2018, to collect relevant randomized controlled trials about CCRT with or without IC in LANPC. Radiotherapy techniques and chemotherapy schemes were not limiting conditions. Results A total of 5 randomized controlled trials were retrieved. Compared with CCRT, IC+CCRT could not significantly increase progression-free survival and overall survival. IC+CCRT would significantly increase the incidence of grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity, while other side effects such as radiation mucositis,radiation dermatitis were similar to CCRT. Conclusion IC+CCRT is feasible for some LANPC, while additional randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the long-term efficacy, survival results of this approach.

[Key words] Nasopharyngeal neoplasms; Concurrent chemoradiotherapy; Induction chemotherapy/Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; Evidence-based medicine

鼻咽癌(Nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC)是原发于鼻咽部黏膜上皮的恶性肿瘤,根据世界卫生组织新近发表的《全球癌症报告2014》的统计分析显示[1],80%的NPC发生在中国,严重威胁人民的健康和生命。诱导化疗(Induction chemotherapy,IC),又称为新辅助化疗,在同步放化疗前应用可以缩小肿瘤,继而达到优化治疗计划、保护正常组织的目的[2],是近年来被临床医生广泛探索的一个有价值的治疗策略。然而,诱导化疗是否可以提高局部晚期鼻咽癌患者的远期生存仍然值得商榷。本文对国内外有关的临床文献进行检索,采用循证医学的角度对国内外已发表的随机对照研究结果进行评价,旨在评估新辅助化疗+同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的临床效果,现报道如下。

1临床资料

患者吴某,男,52岁,因“发现颈部肿物1年余”为主诉就诊。于2018年4月3日因“发现颈部肿物1年余”求诊我院,行鼻咽镜检查示“鼻咽部顶后壁黏膜粗糙,双侧咽隐窝、咽鼓管咽口受压”;行鼻咽活检,病理提示“鼻咽非角化性癌”;颈部淋巴结彩超:双侧颈部多发肿大淋巴结——考虑转移性;鼻咽部磁共振现象(MRI):鼻咽部粘膜区增厚,双侧咽鼓管咽口、咽隐窝浅平;咽喉壁肌组织信号不均,境界欠清。双侧咽旁间隙狭窄。双侧颈部、颌下区见多发淋巴结肿大,部分肿大淋巴结融合,融合处最大径6.5 cm。胸部CT检查:肺部未见明显异常。全身骨骼平面显像(ECT骨扫描):未见明显肿瘤转移征象。抗EB病毒衣壳抗原抗体IgA及抗EB病毒早期抗原IgA:阳性。完善检查后,诊断:鼻咽非角化性癌(CT2bN3bM0,Ⅳb期,中国鼻咽癌2008分期)。

2评估患者情况并提出问题

本患者系局部晚期鼻咽癌,采用以铂类为基础的同期化疗+调强放射治疗在国内外专家已达成广泛的共识[3-4]。近年来,诱导化疗被广泛应用[5]。笔者拟对患者采用“诱导化疗+同期放化疗”模式进行治疗,为此,笔者采用循证医学的方法,系统检索相关文献,以获得循证医学证据。

3证据检索

计算机检索文献服务检索系统(PubMed)、循证医学数据库(The Cochrane Library)、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanFang Data)和维普(VIP)数据库,纳入所有关于局部晚期鼻咽癌采用诱导化疗+同期放化疗对比同期放化疗的随机对照试验(RCTs),检索时限均为从建库始至2018年3月31日,文种不限,放疗技术及化疗方案不限,使用MeSH和自由词合并检索。中文检索词包括:鼻咽肿瘤/鼻咽癌、诱导化疗/新辅助化疗、同期放化疗。英文检索词包括:Nasopharyngeal neoplasms/nasopharyngeal cancer、concurrent chemoradiotherapy、induction chemotherapy/neoadjuvant chemotherapy等。

4檢索结果

以PubMed为例,其具体检索策略见图1。结合文后参考文献搜索及文献检索,共纳入5个符合条件的随机对照研究[6-10]。其中英文3项,中文3项。5个研究的研究特征按PICO(Patient、Intervention、Comparison、Outcome)原则列表(表1)。

检出的5个随机对照研究中,只有1个随机研究发现诱导化疗课题提高3年总生存[6]。纳入研究主要生存结果见表2。

5评价证据

由于调强放射治疗技术对正常组织的保护增加,提高鼻咽癌的放疗剂量,继而提高局部控制率,远处转移已成为治疗失败的主要模式[4-11]。因此,目前鼻咽癌的治疗侧重点已倾向于控制肿瘤的远处转移,此时化疗则显得尤为重要。诱导化疗,又称为新辅助化疗。近年来,新辅助化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌的综合治疗中得到越来越多的应用,但最佳的化疗方案尚不明确[12]。

许多单臂Ⅰ期/Ⅱ期试验均证实了诱导化疗+同步放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的可行性,毒性反应是患者可以接受的,3年无进展生存率为54.0%~75.6%,3年总生存率为80.0%~86.1%[13-15];5年无进展生存率为65.0%~66.7%,5年总生存率为72.0%~77.0%[14-16];10年生存率为57.1%[16]。但本文检索的5项研究中,仅有1项获得总生存率的阳性结果[7]。纵观纳入分析的5项随机对照研究,笔者认为,目前诱导化疗同样不能显著提高无进展生存率和总生存率,同样地,诱导化疗显著增加了3/4级血液学毒性的发生率[3,17-18]。

基于上述证据,采用诱导化疗+调强放射治疗同步放化疗是可行的,但临床上针对实际患者,需加强于患者的沟通方能应用。

6应用证据

基于本文的检索证据,与患者沟通后,同意“诱导化疗+同步放化疗”方案治疗。患者于2018年4月6日开始化疗,化疗方案为:多西他赛75 mg/(m2·次),d 1+DDP 75 mg/(m2·次),d 1,21 d为1个疗程;化疗实际用药:多西他赛100 mg,顺铂110 mg,化疗过程顺利,化疗过程中出现2度骨髓抑制,经“惠尔血(重组人粒细胞刺激因子注射液)”升白细胞治疗后,血象恢复。患者完成2个周期的诱导化疗后,复查鼻咽部+颈部核磁共振,提示肿瘤原发灶明显退缩,颈部淋巴结明显缩小,化疗后最大融合淋巴结大小为3.4 cm,疗效评价为部分缓解。患者于2018年5月14日开始调强放射治疗,放疗方案为:肿瘤原发灶放疗剂量69.75 Gy/31次,颈部>3 cm阳性淋巴结放疗剂量72.85 Gy/31次,颈部<3 cm阳性淋巴结放疗剂量66.65 Gy/31次,高危预防照射区63.55 Gy/31次,低危预防照射区54.25 Gy/31次,每日放疗1次,每周5 d。同步采用“顺铂40 mg/m2,每周1次”方案化疗,化疗实际用量:顺铂60 mg。患者放化疗过程顺利,治疗过程中出现骨髓抑制、放射性皮炎和放射性咽喉炎,予对症处理后好转。

7后效评价

患者于2018年6月24日按计划完成整个放疗疗程,放疗后1个月复查鼻咽磁共振及颈部磁共振,提示肿瘤完全消退,疗效评价为完全缓解,放疗后1个月,无放射性皮炎、放射性咽喉炎等表现。目前患者无肿瘤局部复发及远处转移表现,取得了良好的治疗效果。

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(收稿日期:2018-07-11 本文編辑:孟庆卿)

相关热词搜索: 化疗 鼻咽癌 晚期 诱导 同期

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